This study adopted a multidimensional definition of involvement, consistent with current research and theory. These definitions include Epstein’s (2001), framework of six types of family and community involvement (parenting, communication, volunteering, learning at home, decision making, and collaborating with the community) and Grolnick’s (Grolnick, Benjet, Kurowski, &Apostoleris, 1997; Grolnick & Slowiaczek, 1994) three dimensions of involvement (cognitive, affective, and school-based). Others distinguish between family involvement at home and at school, focusing on the location in which parent–teacher or parent–child interactions occur (e.g., Fantuzzo, Tighe, & Childs, 2000; Green, Walker, Hoover-Dempsey, & Sandler, 2007; Hoover-Dempsey et al., 2005; McWayne, Campos, & Owsianik, 2008; Zellman & Waterman, 1998). All of these conceptualizations share the understanding that family involvement is multidimensional, and that researchers cannot use omnibus measures or any single type of involvement to fully understand how families shape children’s education and development.
This study adopted a multidimensional definition of involvement, consistent with current research and theory. <br>These definitions include Epstein’s (2001), framework of six types of family and community involvement (parenting, communication, volunteering, learning at home, decision making, and collaborating with the community) and Grolnick’s (Grolnick, Benjet, Kurowski, &Apostoleris, 1997; Grolnick & Slowiaczek, 1994) three dimensions of involvement (cognitive, affective, and school-based). <br>在家裡和學校的家庭參與與其他人區分開來,專注於在家長教師或父母與子女發生相互作用的位置(例如,Fantuzzo,泰伊,和蔡爾茲,2000;綠色,沃克,胡佛,登普西和桑德勒,2007年;胡佛-登普西等人,2005; McWayne,坎波斯,&Owsianik,2008; Zellman和Waterman,1998)。<br>所有這些概念化的共享認識到家庭參與是多方面的,而且研究人員還不能使用綜合性的措施或任何單一類型的參與,充分了解家庭形狀兒童如何教育和發展。
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