H2a: Fan exposures moderate the effect of visual congruence on sponsorship performance, such that the positive effects of visual congruence on sponsorship performance strengthen as fan exposures increase.H2b: Fans’ color blindness moderates the effect of visual congruence on sponsorship performance, such that the positive effects of visual congruence on sponsorship performance fail to materialize among fans with color blindness.H2c: Viewers’ fan status moderates the effect of visual congruence on sponsorship performance, such that positive effects of visual congruence on sponsorship performance materialize only among fans of the team.