The net income figure is scaled by

The net income figure is scaled by lagged total assets, so it is similar to return-on-assets (ROA).23 Since the dependent variables are essentially deviations from ‘normal’ levels within an industry-year, all the control variables in the regressions are also expressed as deviations from the respective industry-year means.

結果 (繁體中文) 1:

淨收入數字是由滯後的總資產規模，所以它類似於回報率來評估資產收益率（ROA）[23]由於因變量基本上是從一個行業一年內“正常”水平的偏差，在所有的控制變量回歸還表現為從各行業年來的偏差。

結果 (繁體中文) 2:

Clean

結果 (繁體中文) 3:

淨收入數位按滯後總資產進行縮放，囙此與資產回報率（ROA）類似。23由於因變數本質上是行業年內偏離“正常”水准的，囙此回歸中的所有控制變數也表示為與相應行業年平均數的偏離。