The pin wear surfaces were found to

The pin wear surfaces were found to be characterized by the presence of distinct areas of the so-called friction layer, whose number and extension increases by decreasing the coating roughness. In Fig. 4, the worn pin surfaces for tests conducted against discs with the lowest and highest roughness are compared.The friction layers are quite different in the two cases. After sliding
against disc with the lowest roughness (Fig. 4a), the pin friction layer is made by well compacted secondary plateaus that form close to the metallic fibers (steel as well as copper fibers) that act
as primary plateaus, i.e., as obstacles against which the wear fragments accumulate during sliding [5,34–37]. Such plateaus tend also to spread over the metallic fibers. On the contrary, when
sliding against the disc with Ra ¼5 μm (Fig. 4b), the pin worn surface is characterized by the presence of metallic fibers with severe abrasion traces. The corresponding secondary plateaus are
quite limited in extension and made by less compacted particles.Moreover, as indicated by the EDXS analyses shown in Fig. 4c and d, the secondary plateaus are mainly made by wear fragments
originating from the friction material since the EDXS spectra show the presence of the principal elements of the pin material. i.e., Zr,O, Si, Ti, Fe, Cu, Ca, Ba, K, Al. On the pin surface obtained upon sliding against the disc with Ra ¼ 0.04 μm, some material transfer from the coating was observed, as suggested by the presence of W,Co and Cr characteristics X-ray lines (arrowed in Fig. 4c) in the EDXS spectrum. Secondary plateaus observed on the pin surfaces wear-tested against discs with intermediate Ra(1 μm and 0.1 μm),have intermediate features, with more evident abrasion marks in the case of 1 μm coating roughness and a higher amount of ma-terial transfer when the coating roughness is 0.1 μm.

結果 (中文) 1:

销磨损表面被发现的所谓摩擦层，其人数和扩展增加通过降低涂层表面粗糙度的不同领域存在的特点。在图 4 中，比较破旧的引脚表面为最低和最高的粗糙度对光盘进行测试。在两种情况下，摩擦层分别很大。后滑动所针对的圆盘的最低粗糙度 (图 4a)，引脚摩擦层由好压实二次高原行动金属纤维 （钢以及铜纤维） 接近该窗体作为主要的高原，也就是说，作为对其磨损碎片积累滑动 [5,34-37] 过程中的障碍。这种高原也倾向于遍布金属纤维。相反，当滑动对光盘的 Ra ¼5 微米 (图 4b)，销磨损的表面具有金属纤维与严重磨损痕迹的存在。相应的二次高原是很有限的扩展和由少压实粒子。此外，如图 4 c 和 d 所示的 EDXS 分析，二次高原主要是由磨损片段起源于摩擦材料因为 EDXS 光谱显示销材料的主要元素的存在。即，锆、 O、 Si、 钛、 铁、 铜、 Ca、 坝、 K，基地。对针表面上滑动对光盘的 Ra ¼ 0.04 μ m，观察到一些物质转移涂层，获得了作为建议的钨、 钴和铬的特征存在 EDXS 光谱 x 射线线 （箭图 4 c）。二次高原观察针表面磨损测试对光碟与中间 Ra （1 μ m 和 0.1 μ m），中间的特性，具有更明显磨损标记在 1 μ m 层粗糙度和珠光体迁移时层粗糙度是 0.1 μ m 高量的情况下。

結果 (中文) 3:

销磨损表面被发现的特征是由存在的不同的区域的所谓的摩擦层，其数量和扩展，通过降低涂层粗糙度增加。在图4中，对具有最低和最高粗糙度的盘的磨损试验针面进行了比较，在两种情况下，摩擦层是完全不同的。滑动后对盘的最低粗糙度（图4a），销摩擦层的压实次高原形成接近金属纤维制成的fi（钢以及铜fiBers）作用作为主要的平台，即为障碍物对磨损碎片积聚在滑动过程中5,34–[ 37 ]。这样的高原也遍布金属fi纤维。相反，当对RA¼5μM盘滑动（图4B），销磨损表面具有金属fi纤维严重磨损痕迹。相应的次高原相当有限的扩展和欠压实颗粒制成的。此外，由EDXS分析图4c和D所示，次高原主要是由磨损碎片从摩擦材料由于EDXS光谱显示的销材料的主要元素的存在。即，Zr，O，Si，Ti，Fe，Cu，Ca，巴河，K，Al。在引脚表面经抗RA¼0.04μM盘滑动，观察到一些从涂层材料转移，由W的存在暗示，Co和Cr的特征X射线线（箭头图4c）的频谱分析。二次高原观察引脚表面磨损测试与中间Ra盘（1μm和0.1 m，μ）中间的特点，具有更明显的磨损痕迹，在1μ镀层粗糙度和较高量的材料转移时，涂层表面粗糙度为0.1的情况下μM.