In recent years, molecular barcodes

In recent years, molecular barcodes have become an exciting new
class of multiplexed detection and aid in identification of many
biomolecules for high-throughput screening of biological
samples. 1,2 Fluorescent dyes, quantum dots, striped metallic
particles, photonic crystals, rare earth doped glasses, and so on,
have all been used as encoding elements of molecular barcodes to
detect a broad variety of analytes in gene expression, clinical
diagnosis, drug screening and drug discovery. 3–9 Within the
context of molecular barcoding, optical barcoding technology
based on fluorophore-encoded microbeads is the most suitable
for application in high-throughput multiplexed detection due to
their simplicity in both encoding and detection. 10 Compared with
traditional molecular dyes, fluorescent quantum dots (QDs),
offering unique photochemical and photophysical properties
such as narrow emission spectra, broad excitation bandwidth,high quantum yields, resistance to photobleaching, and the
possibility of exciting all colors at the same wavelength, have
been proved to be ideal fluorophores for barcoding. Combining
different-sized and hence different-colored QDs with different
concentrations (and thus intensities) into polymeric beads,
multiplex QD-encoded microbeads with unique spectral barc-
odes can be achieved that are capable of reading thousands or
even millions of genes, proteins and small-molecule compounds
at a time. 11 Consequently, both the formation of monodispersed
polymeric microbeads and the precise variation of colors and
intensities of QDs have become the central issues in QD-based
spectral barcoding technology, at which extensive investigations
have been directed. At present, most of the methods to incor-
porate QDs into microbeads for encoding are mainly based on
the swelling technique 11 and layer-by-layer assembly strategy. 12
In these methods, the formation of microbeads and the strategy
of spectral barcoding have been accomplished via separated
two-stage processes. Technologies to encapsulate QDs into
microbeads during the bead synthesis are also developed for
polymerizable QD encapsulation. 13,14 However, these processes
are lengthy, and yet result in broadly dispersed microbead size
distribution. Some efforts are being focused on the mass
production of robust and reproducible QD-barcodes bydeveloping new microfabrication techniques and microreaction
techniques.
An emerging technique that shows great potential for the
synthesis of microparticles with controlled size, shape,
morphology and composition is droplet-based microfluidics. 15
Droplet-based microfluidics focuses on creating and manipu-
lating discrete droplets with the use of immiscible phases inside
microdevices. This method can produce highly monodisperse
droplets with diameters ranging from a few microns up to several
hundred microns, at the rate of a few hundred to several thou-
sand per second. 16 By combining the emulsification of monomers
or oligomers, bybreaking up their liquid threads in droplets, with
on-chip (or off-chip) solidification of these droplets by means of
chemical and physical crosslinking, droplet-based microfluidic
systems provide a novel route for the synthesis and fabrication of
monodisperse polymer particles.
Depending on the specific device geometry and flow parame-
ters, a wide variety of materials including gels, polymers, and
polymers doped with functional additives have been used to
produce solid, hollow, and multicored, asymmetric, and irregu-
larly shaped polymer microparticles with droplet-based
microfluidics. 17–22 Several groups have reported the production
of QD-doped microparticles accomplished with droplet-based
microfluidic systems. 16,23–26 Fluorescent poly-tripropyleneglycol
diacrylate microspheres doped with CdSe QDs were prepared
in a microfluidic flow-focusing device based on photo-
polymerization in the collaborative work of Whitesides, Stone,
and Kumacheva. 16 Both Weitz et al. 23 and Lee et al. 24 showed
that the microfluidic technologies are useful to produce mono-
disperse temperature-sensitive poly-N-isopropylacrylamide
microgels. 19 nm PEG-modified QDs and mercaptoacetic-acid
capped QDs, used as example materials, were incorporated into
their obtained microgels, respectively. Chang et al. 25 reported the
microfluidic assisted preparation of poly( DL -lactide-co-glycolide)
(PLGA) microcapsules encapsulated with CdSe/ZnS QDs. The
PLGA polymer solution containing the CdSe/ZnS QDs was
flow-focused into droplets, followed by a separate solvent
evaporation process for the formation of QD-doped PLGA
microspheres. Yang et al., 26 using a similar approach as Chang, 25
created multi-functional polycaprolactone microcapsules incor-
porating CdTe QDs, Fe 3 O 4 superparamagnetic nanoparticles
and tamoxifen anticancer drugs. All of the above have revealed
the potential of droplet-based microfluidics for the preparation
of QD-doped microparticles. It provides an op

結果 (中文) 1:

近年来，分子条形码已成为令人兴奋的新类的多路复用的检测和识别的许多援助生物分子的高通量筛选的生物样品。1，2-荧光染料，量子点，条纹金属粒子、 光子晶体、 稀土掺杂玻璃等等，所有被用作分子条码的编码元素吗在基因表达，临床检测各种各样的物诊断、 药物筛选和药物发现。3-9 内上下文中分子的条形码，光学条形码技术基于荧光编码微球是最合适的在高吞吐量的应用多路复用到适当的检测在编码和检测其简单性。10 相比传统的分子染料，荧光量子点)，提供独特的光化学和光物理性能窄的发射谱，广泛激发带宽、 高量子产率，耐光漂白，和所有颜色相同的波长，在令人都兴奋的可能性有被证明是理想的荧光团的条形码。结合与不同的大小不同，因此不同颜色量子点浓度 (和强度) 成聚合物的珠子，多路复用 QD 编码微球与独特的光谱 barc-常微分方程组可以实现那些能够读万或甚至数以百万计的基因、 蛋白和小分子化合物在一段时间。11 因此，这两种形成的单分散高分子微球和精确的颜色变化和量子点强度已经成为基于量子点的中心问题光谱的条形码技术，在广泛调查已指示。目前，绝大多数的方法 incor-主要基于企业量子点成编码微球利用层状组装策略与溶胀法 11。12在这些方法、 微球的形成和战略光谱条码完成了通过分离两阶段过程。技术封装成的量子点微球珠合成过程中的还针对可聚合的 QD 封装。13、 14 然而，这些进程是漫长的而且尚未导致广泛分散的微球大小分布。一些努力集中于大众生产的鲁棒性、 重现性好 QD 条形码窑一样新的微制造技术和微技术。显示的巨大潜力的新兴技术控制大小，形状，微粒的合成形态和成分是基于液滴的微流体。15基于液滴的微流控侧重于创建和操纵-初始条件离散液滴溶阶段内使用微。这种方法可以产生高度分散液滴直径范围从几微米到几个几百微米，几百到几个你的速度-砂每秒。16 相结合的单体乳化或低聚物，兴起奠定了基石赶上他们液体中液滴，线程片上 (或片外) 凝固过程中这些水滴化学和物理交联，基于液滴的微流控系统提供一种新型的路线合成与制备单分散聚合物微球。取决于特定的设备几何结构和流动参数-ter，种类繁多的材料，包括凝胶，聚合物，和已经习惯了聚合物掺杂功能性添加剂生产固体、 空心，和 multicored，不对称，和 irregu-特别是塑造基于液滴的聚合物微粒微流体。17-22 几组已经报告了生产QD 掺杂超细微粒与基于液滴的完成微流控系统。16，23-26 荧光聚三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯微球掺杂 CdSe 量子点的制备一种基于光的微流控流聚焦装置中聚合反应中的协同工作的怀特，石头，和 Kumacheva。16 既韦茨等人 23 和李等人 24 显示微流控技术是有用的生产单分散温度敏感聚-N-异丙基丙烯微凝胶。19 nm PEG 修饰的量子点和巯基乙酸上限的量子点，用作示例材料，已被纳入他们分别获得微凝胶。昌等人 25 报道微流控辅助制备的聚 (DL-丙交酯乙交酯)(PLGA) 微胶囊与 CdSe/ZnS 量子点。PLGA 聚合物溶液含 CdSe/ZnS 量子点是流量集中成水滴，其次是一种单独的溶剂蒸发过程形成的 QD 掺杂 PLGA微球。杨等人，利用类似的方法作为县长，25 26创建多功能聚己内酯微囊 incor-porating CdTe 量子点，Fe 3 O 4 超顺磁性纳米颗粒和三苯氧胺抗肿瘤药物。以上所有的显示基于液滴的微流体制备的潜力QD 掺杂超细微粒。它提供了 op

結果 (中文) 3:

近年来，分子条形码已经成为一个令人兴奋的新的多路复用检测与识别中的辅助方法生物分子高通量筛选样品。2荧光染料、量子点、条纹金属粒子，光子晶体，稀土掺杂玻璃等，都被用来作为编码分子条形码元素基因表达分析中的多种分析物，临床研究诊断，药物筛选和药物发现。3在9分子条形码的背景下，光学条形码技术基于荧光编码微球是最合适的在高通量复用检测中的应用其简单的编码和检测。10与传统的分子染料，荧光量子点（量子点），提供独特的光化学和光物理性质如发射光谱窄，宽的激发带宽、量子产率高、抗光漂白，和在同一波长，令人兴奋的所有颜色的可能性，有被证明是理想的荧光条形码。结合不同尺寸和不同颜色的量子点不同聚合物珠的浓度（和强度），多重量子点编码微球具有独特的光谱BARC—诗可以达到能够阅读成千上万甚至上百万的基因，蛋白质和小分子化合物一次11因此，两者形成单分散高分子微球和颜色变化和精确强度的量子点已经成为青岛中心问题的基础光谱条形码技术，在广泛调查已指示。目前，大多数的方法不—公司的量子点编码成微球主要是基于膨胀技术11层与层间组装策略。十二在这些方法中，微珠的形成和战略光谱条形码已完成通过分离两阶段过程。技术封装量子点珠合成中的微球研制开发了可聚合的QD封装。13,14然而，这些过程是漫长的，但结果在广泛分散的微球大小分配。一些努力正在集中于质量强大的和可重复的QD条形码通过发展新的微细加工技术和微反应器的生产技术。一种新兴的技术，显示了巨大的潜力具有控制尺寸的微粒的合成，的形态和组成的微流控液滴。十五微流控液滴专注于创建和操作—利用离散液滴内部的不混溶相的使用微器件。这种方法可以产生高度单分散性直径范围从几微米到几滴百微米，在几百到几位的速度—每秒砂。16通过结合单体的乳化或低聚物，打断了他们的液滴与线程，片上（或片外）凝固的这些液滴的装置化学和物理交联，液滴微流体系统提供了一种新的合成和制造的路线单分散聚合物粒子。根据具体的设备的几何形状和流动参数—进行各种各样的材料包括凝胶、聚合物、和已被用于聚合物掺杂的功能添加剂生产实心，空心，和多向、不对称和不规则—综合型聚合物微粒的液滴型微流控芯片。17，22多个群体已经报告了生产量子点掺杂的微粒的液滴中的实现微流体系统。16,23–26荧光聚tripropyleneglycol二丙烯酸酯微球掺杂的CdSe量子点的制备基于照片的微流体聚焦装置—在Whitesides协同工作的聚合、石，和kumacheva。16两韦茨等人。23、李等。24显示微流体技术是有用的生产单声道—分散温度敏感聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺微凝胶。19 nm的PEG修饰的量子点和巯基乙酸上限的量子点，作为例子材料，被纳入他们得到的微凝胶，分别。常等。25报告微流体辅助制备聚（DL-丙交酯-共-乙交酯）（PLGA）微胶囊包覆与CdSe/ZnS量子点。这个PLGA聚合物溶液含有CdSe/ZnS量子点流集中到液滴，然后由一个单独的溶剂掺杂的PLGA的QD形成蒸发过程微球。杨等人，26使用了类似的方法，如昌，25创建多功能的聚己内酯微囊不—调的CdTe量子点，Fe 3 O 4的超顺磁性纳米粒子和他莫昔芬抗癌药物。以上所揭示液滴微流控制备的潜力量子点掺杂的微粒。它提供了一个运算