Four studies use laboratory experimental methods. The hypotheses are developed from psychology or economics theories and provide connections between the theories and the features of management accounting. For example, Chiou (2006) uses attribution theory and prospect theory to explore risky investment behavior. Chiou (2008) focuses on whether achieving a budget goal influences the magnitude of budgetary slack. Chang et al. (2008) adopts the elaboration likelihood model to explain the common measures bias in balanced scorecard.