However, what is the role of performance measures in terms of control in such an organisational setting? To what extent are performance measures replaced as a control mechanism (by direct observation, mutual monitoring, etc.), and to what extent are they used for control? Several studies, surveys and case studies,report that performance measurement systems (not at least financial) still have significant roles to play, even though the situation has changed
e.g. there are more cost centres in JIT settings and ‘pseudo’ profit centres have played a significant role in integrated manufacturing systems. Furthermore,the units of responsibility often change from individuals to teams. Thus, new types of responsibility centre are emerging in integrated manufacturing, but the need for monitoring and control by means of measurement (both financial and non-financial) still remains.