As shown in Table 2, baseline clinical and demographic characteristics were not significantly different in the HD-FDS (50 g/d) vs. HD-C. At 12 wk, mean serum total and LDL cholesterol concentrations tended to be lower in the HD-FDS vs. HD-C (P< 0.1) (Table 3), although no differences were noted in HDL and VLDL cholesterol and TG concentrations. No differences were noted in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, anthropometrics, and measures of glycemia between the 2 groups at 12 wk (Table 3). Among the NMR-derived lipoprotein subclasses, mean concentrations of small LDL particles were significantly lower in the HD-FDS vs. HD-C at 12 wk (P< 0.01) (Table 3), whereas no changes were noted in other LDL-, HDL-, and VLDL-related subclasses (Supplemental Table 1). Among measures of inflammation and lipid oxidation, malondialdehyde and hydroxynonenal concentrations were significantly lower in the HD-FDS vs. HD-C (P< 0.001)(Table 4),