Table 1 reports the descriptive statistics for the variables we usein our tests. We report results for models with either late fees oroverlimit fees as an endogenous variable. The late fees results are inTable 2 (2SLS), 3 (3SLS) and 6 (GMM). The overlimit fees results arein Table 4 (2SLS), 5 (3SLS) and 6 (GMM). Our three key hypothesesconcern the impact of three possible determinants (consumer riskof default, card interest rates and bank market share) on credit cardpenalty fees. The empirical results for these three hypotheses arediscussed in turn below.