For columns with very small or zero calculated eccentricities, the ACI Code recognizes that accidental construction misalignments and other unforeseen factors may produce actual eccentricities in excess of these small design values. Regardless of the magnitude of the calculated eccentricities, the ACI Code limits the maximum design strength to 0.8(φ)P0 for tied columns. Here, P0 is the nominal strength of the axially loaded column with zero eccentricity.