DSCexperimentswereperformedwithadifferentialscanningcalorimeter(MicroCalIncNorthampton,MA,USA).Allscanswerecarriedoutwithascanrateof30
◦
/hinthetemperaturerangebetween25
◦
Cand75
◦
C.Beforemeasurementthesamplesweredegassedandequilibratedfor15minbeforeheating.Twoheatingandcoolingcycleswereperformed.Wehaveexaminedfreshlypreparedliposomes,frozenlipo-somesimmediatelyafterthawingandfreeze-driedliposomesafterre-suspensioninpurifiedwater.Ingeneral,re-suspensionwascompletedwithin5minbyrepeatedvortexingandheatingabovethephasetransitiontemperatureofthemainlipidcomponent(about60
◦
C).However,totestwhetherthesampleswerefullyhydratedafterthisshortperiod,wehaveperformedexperimentswithlongerre-suspensiontimesupto45minwith10mininter-vals.ForallDSCexperimentsamolarlipidtocarbohydrateratioof1:10(about1%(w/v)carbohydrate)wasused.Immediatelybeforemeasurements,thetotallipidcontentwasadjustedto1mg/mlwithTris-buffer,whichwasalsoemployedasreference.Calorimetricenthalpies(
H
cal
)werecalculatedafterbaselineadjustmentandnormalizationtothephospholipidconcentration,byintegratingthepeakareasusingtheMicroCalLLCOriginsoft-ware(OriginLabCorporation,Northampton,MA,USA).Theactualtransitiontemperatures(
T
m
)weredeterminedatthepeakmaximaintheheatcapacityfunctionsand
T
1/2
wasderivedfromthehalf-widthofthetransitionpeakindicativeforthecooperativityofthe
DSCexperimentswereperformedwithadifferentialscanningcalorimeter(MicroCalIncNorthampton,MA,USA)。Allscanswerecarriedoutwithascanrateof30◦/hinthetemperaturerangebetween25◦Cand75◦C.Beforemeasurementthesamplesweredegassedandequilibratedfor15minbeforeheating.Twoheatingandcoolingcycleswereperformed.Wehaveexaminedfreshlypreparedliposomes,frozenlipo-somesimmediatelyafterthawingandfreeze-driedliposomesafterre-suspensioninpurifiedwater.总的来说,re-suspensionwascompletedwithin5minbyrepeatedvortexingandheatingabovethephasetransitiontemperatureofthemainlipidcomponent (about60◦C)。然而,totestwhetherthesampleswerefullyhydratedafterthisshortperiod,wehaveperformedexperimentswithlongerre-suspensiontimesupto45minwith10mininter-vals。ForallDSCexperimentsamolarlipidtocarbohydrateratioof1:10 (about1 %(w/v) 碳水化合物) 意。Immediatelybeforemeasurements,thetotallipidcontentwasadjustedto1mg/mlwithTris-缓冲区,whichwasalsoemployedasreference。Calorimetricenthalpies (Hcal) werecalculatedafterbaselineadjustmentandnormalizationtothephospholipidconcentration,byintegratingthepeakareasusingtheMicroCalLLCOriginsoft-ware(OriginLabCorporation,Northampton,MA,USA)。Theactualtransitiontemperatures (Tm) weredeterminedatthepeakmaximaintheheatcapacityfunctionsandT1/2wasderivedfromthehalf-widthofthetransitionpeakindicativeforthecooperativityofthe
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