DMR centralization used seven items that assessed the extent to which the IT unit vis-à-vis the client department had greater responsibility for project initiation and implementation activities. Higher (lower) scores mean that the IT unit (client department) was nonexclusively responsible for these activities to a greater degree than the client department (IT unit). DCR decentralization used three items that assessed the extent to which the client department had greater responsibility vis-à-vis the IT unit for project ratification and monitoring activities. Higher scores mean that the client department was responsible for these activities to a greater degree than the IT unit.