The lipids: triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols1. Learning objectives:a. Describe different types of lipidsb. Describe characteristics of fats and oilsc. Identify functions of lipidsd. Explain essential fatty acids and their functionse. Describe cholesterol and its effect on healthf. Describe triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols in foodsg. Identify changes of lipids in food preparation and foodserviceh. Identify dietary recommendations of lipids, trans-fat, and cholesteroli. Explain digestion, absorption, transport, and storage of lipids in human body2. Lipids:a. Triglyceridesb. Phospholipidsc. Sterols3. Chemical structure of triglycerides:a. One molecule of glycerolb. Three molecules of fatty acids- Chain length1. 2. 3. - Degree of saturation1. 2. 3. 4. Characteristics of fats and oils:a. b. 5. Functions of lipids:a. b. c. d. e. f. 6. Essential fatty acids:a. Linoleic acidb. Alpha-linolenic acidc. Functions of essential fatty acids- Vital to normal growth and development in infants and children- Maintain the structure of cell membrane- Proper function of the immune system- Prevention of heart disease and hypertension7. Phospholipids:a. b. c. 8. Sterols:a. b. c. d. 9. Cholesterol producer:10. Blood clot:11. Triglycerides in foods:a. b. c. d. e. f. g. 12. Phospholipids in foods:a. b. c. d. e. 13. Sterols in food:a. b. c. d. e. f. 14. Lipids in food preparation and foodservice:a. Rancidityb. Deep-fat fryingc. Hydrogenationd. Emulsifiers15. Dietary recommendations of lipids:a. b. c. d. e. f. 16. Dietary recommendations of trans-fat:a. The American Heart Association recommends limiting trans-fat to no more than 1 percent of your total daily calories. For most people, this is less than 2 grams a day.b. Limit less healthy commercially prepared desserts and snacks, such as crackers, cookies, cakes and doughnuts.17. Dietary recommendations of cholesterol:a. Reduce cholesterol intake to less than 300 mg a day. Cutting cholesterol to less than 200 mg a day can benefit anyone at high risk of heart disease.b. Reduce cholesterol intake by cutting back on animal sources of food, such as beef, poultry and eggs. If an item is high in saturated fat, it's probably also high in cholesterol.18. Digestion and absorption of lipids: a. b. 19. Transport of lipids:a. Chylomicronb. VLDLc. LDLd. HDL20. Metabolism of lipids:a. Adipose tissue21. Lipids and health:a. Heart diseaseb. Cancer22. Fasting and feasting:a. When a person overeatsb. When a person draws on storesc. If the fast continues beyond glycogen depletion