At the Doha Ministerial Conference in 2001, WTO members agreed to launch negotiations that would
address the nexus between trade and environment.1 The Doha Declaration includes a negotiating
mandate on clarifying the relationship between MEA and WTO rules. Also, to improve market access
to environmental goods and services, the declaration called for negotiations on “the reduction or, as
appropriate, elimination of tariff and nontariff barriers to environmental goods and services.”2 While
WTO members have devoted considerable effort to fulfilling these mandates, like much else in the Doha
Declaration, results are yet to be achieved.