• Ketonuria, moderate to large on dipstick (++ or +++), in pregnancy.• Capillary blood sugars above 10mmol/L. In pregnancy a lower threshold for treatment may be considered.• Polyuria.• Nocturia.• Increased thirst.• Unexplained weight loss.• Blurred vision, weakness.• Pear drops/acetone smell on breath.• Abdominal pain and / or leg cramps.• Vomiting.• Confusion, drowsiness or coma.