Abstract
There has been a rapid growth in the use of RO membranes for wastewater reclamation. The membrane process offers high removal rates for many contaminants and pollutants, as well as operating at low energy consumption. It is very important that these commercial wastewater treatment plants operate consistently to minimize down-time and maximize membrane life. Much has been learned about the optimum design and operation of a WWRO system from the many small to mid-size WWRO plants that have been installed since the late 1970’s. More recently, there have been a number of mega-sized WWRO plants have come about due to the confidence in designing and running the smaller plants.