Preparation therefore has to be made for the increasing and consistent embedding of those
technologies in production systems – and that in ever smaller partial systems and components.
Additional communications capability and (partial) autonomy in reactions to external influences
and internally stored specifications are transforming mechatronic systems into Cyber-Physical
Systems (CPS). The objectives derived from that transformation are developments and adjust-
ments in ICT for manufacturing applications: robustness, resilience, information security and real
time capability.