With the miniaturization of flow de

With the miniaturization of flow devices, it becomes hard to pump fluid across nanoconfined geometries, where the large surface volume ratio presents a step dissipative barrier to fluid motion. Though progress in moving material inside the carbon naotubes has been made, it is difficult to develop a suitable nanoscale water pump device which can make a continuous unidirectional water flow on nanoscale.15,16 Conventionally, transporting water directionally through a nanochannel is driven by an osmotic or hydrostatic pressure gradient.17 Such a method would involve a large reservoir of solution on one side of the nanochannel to produce the pressure gradient. In additional, chemical and thermal gradients are also applied to drive fluid through nanochannels.18,19 Recently, different from the conversional methods, various novel blueprints for a nanopump have been proposed.20−22 In 1999, Kral et al. ́proposed a laser-driven pump for atomic transport through carbon nanotubes,20 while Insepov et al., using numerical simulations, showed that the gas inside the carbon nanotube can be driven by the Rayleigh surface wave.2 The experimentsthat followed have confirmed that nanoparticles inside the hollow core of multiwalled carbon nanotubes can be driven in the direction of the electron flow.22 Later, Duan et al. proposed
an energy pump for activating axial water molecules flow inside a carbon nanotube by setting up a small portion of the initially twisted wall of the carbon nanotube.21 Interestingly, the theoretical work of Kral and Shapiro showed that an electric ́ current is generated along a metallic SWNT immersed in a liquid flowing along them,23 which was demonstrated by the following experimental work of Ghosh et al.24 Inspired by this result, Sun et al. also demonstrated experimentally that a water flow can also be driven by the applied current on a single walled carbon nanotube (SWNT).25 In 2008, Joseph and Aluru’s simulation results showed that confined water in carbon nanotubes can be driven by static electric field.26 However, Bonthuis’ work showed that static electric fields do not induce fluid flow in the planar geometry.27 Later, Huang et al. proposed a design for pumping water molecules in a singlewalled carbon nanotube in the presence of a linearly gradient electric field.28 Very recently, Klaus F. Rinne et al. demonstrated pumping of water through a carbon nanotube by time-dependent electric fields by using molecular dynamics simulations.29 In our previous work, we have proposed a novel nanoscale water pump (or nanoenergy conversion devices) for converting electrical power into the transport of the chargeneutral water molecules.6,15 A continuous unidirectional water flow can be attained by a ratchet-like mechanism without osmotic pressure or hydrostatic drop.

結果 (中文) 1:

与流装置的小型化，它变得难以泵流体跨 nanoconfined 几何形状，在那里的大表面体积比提出了一个步耗散障碍对流体运动。尽管取得了进展，使材料内部碳 naotubes，很难制定合适的纳米水泵装置可以使连续的单向水常规流 nanoscale.15,16，输的水定向通过纳米通道由渗透或静水压力 gradient.17 这种方法会涉及一侧的纳米通道产生压力梯度解大型水库。在额外的化学和热梯度也适用于驱动流体通过 nanochannels.18,19 最近，不同于常规的方法，nanopump 的各种新型蓝图已在 1999 年的 proposed.20−22，克拉等人 ́proposed 碳纳米管，20 时 Insepov et al.，使用数值模拟表明，碳纳米管内的气体可以由的瑞利表面 wave.2 experimentsthat 遵循原子输运的激光驱动泵已经证实那里面的空心纳米多壁碳纳米管可以驱动后，方向电子 flow.22 段等人提出为激活内部通过有趣的设置碳 nanotube.21 最初扭曲墙的一小部分的碳纳米管的轴向水分子流动能量泵，克拉和夏皮罗的理论工作表明当前电 ́ 沿着沉浸在一种液体流动的沿他们，并用 Ghosh 以下实验工作的 23 金属碳生成 et al.24 这一结果的启发孙等人的实验还证明，水流也可以由应用电流对单壁碳纳米管 (SWNT) 在 2008 年，.25 约瑟夫和 Aluru 的仿真结果表明，不过可以用静态电 field.26 驱动在碳纳米管的承压的水，Bonthuis 的工作表明，静电场不做诱导后平面的 geometry.27 内流体流动黄等人提出一项设计抽油机存在线性梯度的电动 field.28 最近 singlewalled 碳纳米管中的水分子，克劳斯 F.莱尼等人表现出泵站的水通过碳纳米管的时间依赖于电场通过使用分子动力学 simulations.29 在我们以前的工作中，我们提出了新型纳米水泵 (或 nanoenergy 转换装置) 转换成 chargeneutral 水 molecules.6 运输电力15 连续的单向水流可以获得类似棘轮机制没有渗透压或静滴。

結果 (中文) 3:

随着流动装置的小型化，也就很难泵流体在nanoconfined几何，到大的表面体积比提出一步耗散流体运动障碍。尽管在移动内部材料碳纳米管取得进展，很难制定一个合适的纳米水泵装置，可以使一个连续的单向水流对纳米级16传统定向通过通道输送水的渗透压gradient.17这种方法会涉及到一个大型水库的溶液对纳米通道的一侧产生压力梯度驱动。另外，化学和热梯度也适用于驱动流体通过通道。18、19日前，不同于以往的方法，各种新的蓝图，一nanopump已提出。20−22 1999，克拉尔等人。́提出激光驱动通过碳纳米管原子输运泵，20，insepov等人，利用数值模拟，表明在碳纳米管中的气体可以由瑞利面波驱动。2 experimentsthat随后证实，多壁碳纳米管可以被驱动的电子flow.22方向后，空心纳米粒子，段等人。提出的能量活化水分子泵轴向流动的碳纳米管内设置初始弯曲壁的碳nanotube.21有趣的一小部分，对克拉尔和夏皮罗的理论研究表明，电́电流沿金属单壁碳纳米管浸入液体沿产生，23这是由以下al.24 Ghosh等这个结果的启发，实验工作表明，Sun等人。实验证明，水流量也可以通过施加电流对单壁碳纳米管驱动（SWNT）。25 2008，约瑟夫和aluru的仿真结果表明，在碳纳米管的承压水可由静电field.26然而，bonthuis工作表明，静电场不引起流体在平面geometry.27后，黄等人。提出了一种在单壁在线性梯度电field.28最近存在碳纳米管泵水分子的设计，克劳斯·F·林纳等人。证明抽水通过含时电场碳纳米管采用分子动力学simulations.29在我们以前的工作中，我们提出了一种新的纳米级水泵（或奈米能源转换装置转换为电能）的chargeneutral运输水分子。6，15一个连续的单向水流，可以达到一个棘轮式的机构，而不渗透压或静滴。