increase the contacting surface area and ensure the connection between the sealant SL and the second substrate 120C. In addition, the perimeter P126A of the 取向層 126A is sealed and covered by the sealant SL, which prevents from the water vapor transmission through the 取向層 126A and thus is able to ensure the lifetime of the display medium layer (e.g. DM in FIG. 1) encapsulated by the sealant SL.