液力偶合器是一种利用液体介质传递转速的机械设备，其主动输入轴端与原传动

液力偶合器是一种利用液体介质传递转速的机械设备，其主动输入轴端与原传动机相联结，从动输出轴端与负载轴端联结，通过调节液体介质的压力，使输出轴的转速得以改变。理想状态下，当压力趋于无穷大时，输出转速与输入转速相等，相当于钢性联轴器。当压力减小时，输出转速相应降低，连续改变介质压力，输出转速可以得到低于输入转速的无级调节。液力偶合器的功控调速原理与效率 根据液力偶合器的上述特点，可以等效为图1所示的模型
功率控制调速原理表明，传动速度的改变，实质是机械功率调节的结果。因此液力偶合器输出转速的降低，实际是输出功率减小。在调速过程中，液力偶合器的原传动转速没有发生变化，假设负载转矩不变，原传动的机械功率也不变，那么输入与输出功率的差值功率那里去了呢，显然是被液力偶合器以热能形式损耗掉了。因此，我们不能简单地认为液力偶合器调速是"丢转"，而实际是丢功率。设原传动功率为PM1，输出功率为PM2，损耗功率则为
液力偶合器
液力偶合器是一种耗能型的机械调速装置，调速越深（转速越低）损耗越大，特别是恒转矩负载，由于原传动输入功率不变，损耗功率将转速损失成比例增大。对于风机泵类负载，由于负载转矩按转速平方率变化，原传动输入功率则按转速的平方率降低，损耗功率相对小一些，但输出功率是按转速的立方率减小，调速效率仍然很低。液力偶合器的调速效率曲线如图2所示，平均效率在50%左右。
以液体为工作介质的一种非刚性联轴器，又称液力联轴器。液力偶合器(见图)的泵轮和涡轮组成一个可使液体循环流动的密闭工作腔，泵轮装在输入轴上,涡轮装在输出轴上。动力机（内燃机、电动机等）带动输入轴旋转时，液体被离心式泵轮甩出。这种高速液体进入涡轮后即推动涡轮旋转，将从泵轮获得的能量传递给输出轴。最后液体返回泵轮，形成周而复始的流动。液力偶合器靠液体与泵轮、涡轮的叶片相互作用产生动量矩的变化来传递扭矩。它的输出扭矩等于输入扭矩减去摩擦力矩，所以它的输出扭矩恒小于输入扭矩。液力偶合器输入轴与输出轴间靠液体联系，工作构件间不存在刚性联接。液力偶合器的特点是：能消除冲击和振动；输出转速低于输入转速，两轴的转速差随载荷的增大而增加;过载保护性能和起动性能好,载荷过大而停转时输入轴仍可转动,不致造成动力机的损坏;当载荷减小时，输出轴转速增加直到接近于输入轴的转速。液力偶合器的传动效率等于输出轴转速乘以输出扭矩（输出功率）与输入轴转速乘以输入扭矩（输入功率）之比。一般液力偶合器正常工况的转速比在0.95以上时可获得较高的效率。液力偶合器的特性因工作腔与泵轮、涡轮的形状不同而有差异。如将液力偶合器的油放空，偶合器就处于脱开状态，能起离合器的作用。

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結果 (英文) 3:

Fluid coupling is a mechanical device using liquid medium to transfer speed, the active input shaft end and the original transmission machine is connected with the output shaft, the driven end loaded shaft coupling, by adjusting the pressure of liquid medium, so that the rotational speed of the output shaft to change. Ideally, when the pressure increases to infinity, the output speed and input speed equal to, is equivalent to steel coupling. When the pressure decreases, the output speed is correspondingly reduced, the continuous change in the medium pressure, the output speed can be stepless speed regulation is less than the input. Hydraulic coupling power control principle and efficiency of speed regulation according to the characteristics of hydraulic coupler,Could be the equivalent of
power model shown in Figure 1 shows that the speed control principle, transmission speed change, essence is the mechanical power adjustment result. Therefore, the hydraulic coupling output speed decreases, the actual output power is reduced. In the speed control process, the original transmission speed hydraulic coupling has not changed, assuming that the load torque constant mechanical power transmission, the original is also unchanged, then the difference between the power input and output power there, apparently by hydraulic coupler in the form of heat is lost. Therefore, we should not simply consider hydraulic coupler speed regulation is "throw turn", but the actual power is lost. Design the transmission power of PM1,The output power is PM2, power dissipation is

mechanical speed regulating device of hydraulic coupling fluid coupling is a kind of energy type, speed and deeper (the lower the speed) more loss, especially the constant torque load, because the original transmission input power is constant, loss of power will speed loss in proportion to the increase of. For fan and pump load, the load torque according to the rotational speed square rate of change, the original drive input power according to the square of the speed reducing power loss rate, relatively small, but the output power is reduced rate according to the rotational speed of cubic, speed efficiency is still low. Speed regulation of hydraulic coupling efficiency curve as shown in Figure 2, the average efficiency is about 50%.
Using liquid as a non rigid coupling medium, also known as hydraulic coupling. Hydraulic coupling (see photo) of the pump wheel and turbine a can make the sealed working chamber liquid circulation flow, pump wheel mounted on the input shaft, the turbine is arranged on the output shaft. Engine (engine, motor) drive the input shaft rotation, the liquid is centrifugal pump wheel thrown out. This high speed liquid entering the turbine that pushes the turbine to rotate, transmits the obtained from energy to the output shaft of the pump wheel. Finally the liquid return pump wheels go round and begin again, the formation of the flow. Hydraulic coupler by leaf liquid and pump wheel, turbine interaction have a moment of momentum changes to transfer torque.Output torque of it is equal to the input torque minus friction torque output torque, so it is always less than the input torque. Hydraulic coupling the input shaft and the output shaft by a liquid contact, not rigid connection exists between the working member. The characteristics of hydraulic coupler is: can eliminate the shock and vibration; the output speed is lower than the input speed, two speed difference increases with the increase of the load; overload protection performance and good starting performance, the load is too large and to stop when the input shaft can rotate, does not damage the power machine; when the load is reduced, the output shaft speed increase until close to the input shaft speed.The transmission efficiency of hydraulic coupler is equal to the output shaft speed is multiplied by the output torque (power output) and the input shaft speed multiplied by input torque (input power) than. The general efficiency of hydraulic coupler speed than normal conditions in 0.95 above can obtain higher. Characteristics of hydraulic coupler for working chamber and the pump wheel, a turbine shape is different in different. As the hydraulic coupler oil vent, coupling was unhitched, can play the role of clutch.

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