3.1. Lithium-Sulfur Batteries
Lithium is the lightest metal in the Periodic Table of
elements, and it has the greatest energy density per unit
weight of all the metals. Thus, it makes sense that lithium has
been the focus of battery research for many years. Studies by
Whittingham[34] and Goodenough et al.[35] brought Li+
batteries into the forefront, and today Li+
batteries are ubiquitous, largely replacing their rechargeable battery predecessors such as nickel-cadmium batteries. In general, the major
goals of research in this area are to develop a rechargeable