The equipment requiring electrical energy is as follows: an aspirating fan for the DHS; a feed pump to move the DHS effluent towards the moving-bed sand filtration system; an air lift compressor for the moving-bed sand filtration; and an excess sludge drainage pump. The electrical energy requirements of the fan and the compressor were measured directly by a portable volt/current meter. As the pumps in the plant had more capacity than needed for the operation of the DHS effluent feeding or excess sludge drainage, the use of actual measurement values for the energy requirement analysis was inadequate. Thus, the virtual energy was calculated assuming a pump head of 8 m and a pump efficiency of 70%, and using the actual measurement values of the sewage load or excess sludge production rate. Although the pilot plant had two other machines that required electrical power, a sewage feed pump and a UASB effluent feed pump, as shown in Figure 1, they are not necessary in practice.