Analysis Strategy Our theoretical model is multilevel in nature, consis constructs spanning both the individual-employee level and store level of analysis. In addition, the data are hierarchical, with the stylists and customers nested in different stores. Therefore, we conducted hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) analyses to test the hypotheses. HLM explicitly accounts for the nested nature of the data and can simultaneously estimate the impact of factors at different levels on individual-level outcomes while maintaining appropriate levels of analysis for the predictors (Bryk & Rauden- bush, 1992). We grand-mean centered the Level 1 predictors. This centering approach facilitates the interpretation of the HLM re- sults, ensures that the Level 1 effects are controlled for during testing of the incremental effects of the Level 2 variables, and lessens multicollinearity in Level 2 estimation by reducing the correlation between the Level 2 intercept and slope estimates (Hofman & Gavin,1998;Raudenbush, 1989).