Nonsurgical management of spon-dylolysis includes bracing, activity modification, NSAIDs, and physical therapy, but no evidence-based rec-ommendations exist for establishing best practice guidelines. A meta-analysis of 15 observational studies with a total of 665 patients demon-strated that 558 patients (83.9%) with spondylolysis were successfully treated nonsurgically. The clinical outcome often did not correlate with radiographic union, especially in the case of lesions that were chronic or bilateral. The authors also reported the lack of a significant difference in results for patients treated with a brace and those treated without a brace.