The comparison of the internal audit system in China and the United Kingdom, many major countries and regions, the internal audit and civil audit, government audit has become an important part of social and economic audit activities. The nature of internal audit is divided into two categories, that is, the relationship between the ownership of production data and the management of the right of management. In 2000, the International Institute of internal auditors in the "responsibility of the", "professional ethics" and "substantive standards" on the basis of many studies, and put forward: "internal audit is an independent, objective assurance and consulting activities, its purpose is to increase the value and improve the organization's management, through the system,Evaluate and improve the effectiveness of risk management, control and management processes, and help organizations achieve their goals." China and Britain have different social and political economic system, so the internal audit of the business content and organization form, etc..
the generation and development of internal audit in Britain since the 11 - 12 century there was a guild average every year to held 1 - 4 meeting, the content of procedure including elected directors and auditors. The Council is the executive organ of the guild, it must always call the guild accounts submitted to the auditors to review.The focus of the audit staff review is to deal with the economic and operational aspects of honesty, reliability, as trustee of the board of directors. The modern internal audit in the UK is developed in 1948, and in 1940s the United Kingdom established a branch of the International Association of internal auditors in London. The establishment of the association has greatly promoted the development of internal audit in the United Kingdom, as of February 1991, has more than 3 members. In contrast, although China's internal audit started late, but the development speed is very fast. Prior to the establishment of China's national audit office,China's State Council issued a document in July 1983 to establish and improve the internal audit issues. China's State Council issued the "Provisional Regulations on audit work" in August 29, 1985. In December 5th of the same year, the Audit Commission issued a number of provisions on internal audit work, which is the legal basis for China to carry out internal audit. In July 1987, the office of the State Council of China and the office of the State Council transmitted the report of the Audit Commission on strengthening internal audit work, which greatly accelerated the speed of the formation of internal audit institutions. In 1994, China promulgated the "people's Republic of China Audit Law", the internal audit in the form of law to be sure,Its legal status. In 1995, the Audit Commission issued the "Regulations on internal audit work", the internal audit made further specific provisions. At the end of 1999, China has established a total of more than 9 internal audit institutions, including the formation of a relatively complete internal audit system consisting of areas, departments and enterprises and institutions. China and Britain have different reasons for the establishment of internal audit department, the initial stage of internal audit development is the national requirements for enterprises to establish an audit system, with the role of internal audit is gradually recognized, enterprises from the passive state to the active state. In contrast,In the past 25% years, the internal audit department of the United Kingdom has 30 years of history, and the motivation and reason of the establishment of the internal audit department mainly come from the government's request. In addition, the board of directors of the audit committee and the external audit requirements also have an important impact. There are three forms of internal audit in the form of the internal audit of the company: the audit organization which is set up by the company and the Union City Planning and the social forces to carry out the audit. These three forms each have their own advantages and disadvantages,However, the company's internal audit organization audit, the main advantages are: to ensure that the audit staff to the organization's loyalty, and maintain the organization and the interests of stakeholders, familiar with the organization's goals and needs, etc.. Although the joint audit reflects the independence of the internal audit organization, it has a problem in the aspects of loyalty and confidentiality. In order to effectively carry out internal audit work, the United Kingdom also on the responsibilities of various types of personnel, these responsibilities include: internal auditor or manager of the job responsibilities, internal auditor responsibilities, contract auditor responsibilities, etc.. Due to China's internal audit department in this unit,The head of this department is responsible for the leadership, and has given the higher position of the internal audit department, but the main person in charge is not a very specific concept, therefore, in the practice of internal audit institutions set up a variety of forms.
1, responsible for the audit committee. A lot of enterprises have audit committee, the audit committee is the highest decision-making body of enterprise internal audit work, responsible for the development of audit work rules and regulations, audit the annual audit plan, the decision of important audit matters, etc.. This is a kind of collective leadership of the internal audit organization form. Some large enterprises and enterprise groups in China adopt this kind of form.
2,Responsible for the board of directors or the board of directors. The internal audit department is under the leadership of the board of directors and reports to its board of directors. This form has a more independent nature, so most of the joint-stock enterprises to adopt. 3, responsible for the general manager. Internal audit - the Department can only engage in the daily internal audit work, and the general manager of the economic responsibility and management behavior of the lack of a strong position, and maintain a strong independence. The status of China's internal audit is the establishment of laws and regulations, the higher the status of the organization, the stronger the independence of the internal audit, the organization of internal audit in China is different, is in the process of internal audit development,This difference is mainly related to the social and economic system. In the UK, there are about one-third of the enterprise's internal audit department's rank as CEO and other management report of the chairman of the, when the size of the enterprise operating income was larger, the greater the differences of the internal audit report object, many enterprises will be regarded as internal audit of enterprise management consulting, that it has the function of corporate governance. Internal audit department in the audit plan will departments soliciting opinions, and will work in the outside of the auditing standards, three quarters of the company and a close business relationship between internal audit and external audit.
three, the content of the internal audit
The contents of the internal audit in the United Kingdom are mainly included:
1, corporate audit, and its goal is to ensure the effective operation of the management system. Including: the breadth and depth of the internal control is appropriate, whether the cost is effective, whether the rational use of internal control. The details are: company plan, capital cost, cash management, human resource management and stock exchange. Company audit is an important business in the internal audit of the United Kingdom.
2, financial security audit. Its primary objective is to ensure that the resources of the enterprise are fully protected and controlled. The contents include: asset confirmation and compliance testing, debt audit, current liabilities audit,Long term liabilities and contingent liabilities audit, etc.. 3, management audit, the United Kingdom is the business audit of the entire business process of the economy, efficiency and effectiveness of the audit. Economy is a measure of the standard of investment efficiency is a measure of the relationship between the input and output: the effect is the standard of measuring output. There is also a system evaluation and follow, contract audit, information management audit and computer security audit. This shows that the field of internal audit of the United Kingdom is very extensive and comprehensive. The contents of internal audit in China include:
1, financial revenue and expenditure audit. Its purpose is to regulate financial activities,Legitimacy and authenticity and reliability of the information provided by the accounting records and statements. The contents include: the examination of accounting information and the true and correct of the economic information, check the safety and integrity of property and funds: check the applicable, effective and perfect of accounting control: check the legal and reasonable of economic, economic contract, financial revenue and expenditure.
2, economic benefit audit. It refers to the evaluation of the selection of the trial of the project, and to evaluate the level of its economic benefits, provide measures and measures to improve the economic benefits of the project. The contents are: the examination and evaluation of the internal control system is applicable to the enterprise,Sound and effective; inspection, evaluation and supervision of all departments and departments to fulfill their duties, improve efficiency, achieve the goal; to provide feedback information for business leaders to provide consultation and assistance in enterprise decision-making. The internal audit department of some enterprises in China also carried out a unique form of economic responsibility