Thresholds based on the hyperglycaemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes (HAPO) study (2008) and supported by the World Health Organization (WHO) (2013) are also recommended by NICE , and in the previous NICE guidelines, universal rather than selective screening for GDM was recommended , with the aim of improving diagnosis, treatment and subsequent outcomes for both the mother and the neonate . Recently, however, Tieu et al (2017) showed that there was insufficient evidence to demonstrate that increased numbers of women with GDM diagnosed through universal screening improved fetal and maternal outcomes