The fundamental question under ESSA is whether American children learn more when the nature and quality of their education programming is man aged at the federal or local level (or somewhere in between). Assuminat least a twenty-year run with ESSA-like regulation, the parallel questwn concerns the infrastructure and mechanisms needed to support a local ized, capacity-building approach to research and innovation. Given the push-oriented model currently in place, what new or transformed st:uc tures and mechanisms are needed to flow federal resources to localized