Within the specific social-cultural context of this research, we can point to three
conclusions. First, there is a strong association between gender and language
learning strategies in general, and females showed higher levels of reported use than
males for all three strategy categories. This replicates the typical outcome from the
literature when LLS are treated as categories. However, we also conclude that gender
did not significantly affect the use of certain individual strategies, such as selfevaluation
as a metacognitive strategy or elaboration as a cognitive strategy related to
reading in class.