Statistical analysis The outcomes were evaluated, and patients who received ERAS and those who received common care were compared. The values are expressed as the mean ± SD or median (interquartile range). Comparison of categorical variables was performed using the Chi-square test or the Fisher exact test, as appropriate. The median and ranges of continuous parameters were compared using the Mann– Whitney U test. Repeated measures of ANOVA were applied to test within-subjects effects and between-subject effects of QoL. Analysis was performed using SPSS 16.0. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant