Natural environments are tourist targets in many areas. Bird and whale watching, snorkelling, wildlife photography and fishing trips are all important tourist activities that can be developed. International attractions for nature-based tourism include animal sheds in East and South Africa, national environments in South and North America, and pristine antarctic environments. Annual whale migrations have become a major attraction in many parts of the world, so the Governments of Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United States have enacted laws to reduce whale life disturbancecaused by ships and cruise boats. The development of tourism on the shores of the sea and at estuaries, particularly in South-East Asia and the Pacific, has disrupted the breeding and food environments of birds and fish.<br><br>The proliferation of unregulated hotels has led to numerous problems in coastal resorts. The construction of some hotels has destroyed coastal sand dunes, and in addition to building some hotels very close to the coast, coastal waters have been under the hotel's shadow all day long.<br>Pollution<br><br>Water pollution can cause the deterioration of the quality of swimming water and may affect the growth of coral reefs, so some tourist areas such as Pattaya and Phuket resorts in Thailand have adopted programmes to stop water degradation caused by sewage systems.<br><br>Governments and the tourism industry are campaigning to build sustainable tourism that does not affect the environment. To achieve this goal, national and international tourism bodies have adopted ethical principles and obligations towards the environment. Many major companies, such as British Airways and American Airlines, have developed programmes to improve the ways in which resources are recycled and how to exploit them. Some countries may limit the number of tourists visiting some sensitive areas such as national parks. One of these countries is the small state of Bhutan on the Himalayan plateaus, which limits the number of arrivals from other countries for tourism.
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