A team of Japanese scientists has d

A team of Japanese scientists has discovered genes that enable rice to survive high water, providing hope for better rice production in lowland areas that are affected by flooding.

The genes, called SNORKEL genes, help rice grow longer stems to deal with higher water levels. Deepwater rice generally produces low-yield (低产的) rice plants. But the researchers report they have succeeded in introducing the genes to rice varieties that are higher-yield.

According to the report, as water levels rise, accumulation of the plant hormone (激素) ethylene (乙烯) makes the SNORKEL genes start working, making stem growth more rapid. When the researchers introduced the genes into rice that does not normally survive in deep water, they were able to rescue the plants from drowning.

Motoyuki Ashikari, who headed the project, said his team is-hoping to use the gene on long grain rice widely used in Southeast Asian to help stabilize production in flood-prone (易受洪水袭击的）areas where rice with the flood-resistant gene is low in production ---about one---third to one-quarter that of regular rice.

" Scientifically, the gene that we found is rare but clear proof of a biological ability to adapt to a harsh environment," he said. "It's a genetic strategy specifically to survive flooding."

High water levels in rice field can be a serious problem. In some areas, rains can cause water levels to rise dangerously high during the growing season and flash flooding can fully submerge plants for days or even weeks.

Rice is a main food for billions, and while productivity has increased dramatically since the 1960s, yields must be doubled to meet projected requirements by 2050. More than 30 percent of Asian and 40 percent of African rice land is either lowland field or deepwater field.

Laurentius of Utrecht University said the study is significant because high-yield rice varieties cannot survive extremes of floods. "The introduction of these genes into high-yield varieties, using advanced breeding strategies, promises to improve the quality and quantity of rice," he said.

結果 (中文) 1:

A team of Japanese scientists has discovered genes that enable rice to survive high water, providing hope for better rice production in lowland areas that are affected by flooding.The genes, called SNORKEL genes, help rice grow longer stems to deal with higher water levels. Deepwater rice generally produces low-yield (低产的) rice plants. But the researchers report they have succeeded in introducing the genes to rice varieties that are higher-yield.According to the report, as water levels rise, accumulation of the plant hormone (激素) ethylene (乙烯) makes the SNORKEL genes start working, making stem growth more rapid. When the researchers introduced the genes into rice that does not normally survive in deep water, they were able to rescue the plants from drowning.Motoyuki Ashikari, who headed the project, said his team is-hoping to use the gene on long grain rice widely used in Southeast Asian to help stabilize production in flood-prone (易受洪水袭击的）areas where rice with the flood-resistant gene is low in production ---about one---third to one-quarter that of regular rice." Scientifically, the gene that we found is rare but clear proof of a biological ability to adapt to a harsh environment," he said. "It's a genetic strategy specifically to survive flooding."High water levels in rice field can be a serious problem. In some areas, rains can cause water levels to rise dangerously high during the growing season and flash flooding can fully submerge plants for days or even weeks.大米是数十亿美元，主要食物，虽然自上世纪 60 年代以来，生产力大幅增加，我们必须产量翻了一番，以应付预计的需求，到 2050 年。超过 30%的亚洲和非洲的水稻土地的 40%是低地字段或深水油田。乌得勒支大学 Laurentius 说研究具有重要意义，因为高产水稻品种无法生存极端的洪水。"这些基因引入高收益品种，采用先进的育种策略，承诺改善质量和数量的大米，"他说。

結果 (中文) 3:

一个日本科学家小组已经发现的基因，使水稻生存提供高水，低洼地区受洪水影响水稻生产的希望。

基因，称为潜水长茎水稻基因，帮助应对高水位。深水水稻普遍产生低收益（低产的）水稻。但研究人员报告他们已经成功地引入基因的水稻品种，产量较高。

据报道，随着水位的上升，对植物激素的积累（激素）乙烯（乙烯）使呼吸管基因开始工作，使茎的生长更迅速。当研究人员将这些基因导入水稻中，这种基因通常不能在深水中存活，他们能够拯救溺水的植物。

行芦刈，这个项目的负责人，说他的团队希望利用基因对籼稻广泛应用于东南亚帮助稳定在洪水易发生产（易受洪水袭击的）地区的抗洪基因水稻低约一---第三生产---一季度，普通大米

”科学，我们发现的基因是罕见的，但明确的生物能力，以适应恶劣的环境，“他说。”它是一种遗传性的生存策略，它是一个严重的问题。在一些地区，暴雨导致水位上涨危险的高生长季节和洪水完全淹没植物的几天甚至几周的时间在

。大米是数十亿美元的主要食品，而自20世纪60年代以来，生产效率大幅提高，产量必须达到一倍，以满足预计的2050。超过百分之30的亚洲和百分之40的非洲土地是低地领域或深水领域。劳伦斯说乌特列支大学的研究是很重要的因为高产水稻品种无法生存的极端洪水。”将这些基因导入高产品种，采用先进的育种策略，承诺提高稻米的品质和数量，“他说。