Frustration –“occurs in any situation in which the pursuit of some goal is failed”.
Internal conflict – “occurs when two or more incompatible motivations or behavioral impulses compete for expression”.
make a choice between two attractive goals?
make a choice between two unattractive goals?
choose whether or not to pursue ONE goal?
Life changes – “any noticeable alterations in one’s living circumstances that require readjustment”.
Holmes and Rahe (1967) believe both positive and negative life changes are associated with physical illness.
They developed the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) to assess health risk due to the accumulation of life changes.