16100:12:38,860 --> 00:12:41,570I'm

161
00:12:38,860 --> 00:12:41,570
I'm gonna do something a little bit
different than it done before with

162
00:12:41,570 --> 00:12:45,459
adjustment layers and create a couple
that just layers inside of a folder into

163
00:12:45,459 --> 00:12:47,500
the show you I here just a second

164
00:12:47,500 --> 00:12:51,260
first thing that I want to do is figure
out how much blue I want to remove from

165
00:12:51,260 --> 00:12:52,410
the foreground

166
00:12:52,410 --> 00:12:57,970
create an adjustment layer to create a
hue saturation adjustment there

167
00:12:57,970 --> 00:13:04,000
as I said this is mostly all blue so I
don't really have to change it away from

168
00:13:04,000 --> 00:13:07,850
the master settings because i dont have
too much red and yellow in the scene but

169
00:13:07,850 --> 00:13:11,000
just to keep things consistent we're
going to be doing a lot of this later

170
00:13:11,000 --> 00:13:16,500
I'm gonna send it to blues and make sure
that I'm only editing the blues and all

171
00:13:16,500 --> 00:13:21,060
I'm doing here is sliding this little
icon here basically this just claims or

172
00:13:21,060 --> 00:13:24,699
selects the area that I want to
manipulate it with the blue selected

173
00:13:24,699 --> 00:13:28,069
again most of the image is blue but
change the lateness you can see that I

174
00:13:28,069 --> 00:13:33,639
can dark in color or I can break in the
color I can also change the saturation

175
00:13:33,639 --> 00:13:38,009
so i kandi saturate the entire cave and
all of the Blues basically what I want

176
00:13:38,009 --> 00:13:42,300
you to pay attention to are these rocks
these rocks are not blue they're not ice

177
00:13:42,300 --> 00:13:46,329
they should have a little bit of Abu
cast but not a total blue cast so if i

178
00:13:46,329 --> 00:13:50,339
start to take the saturation total bit
you can see that I can remove some of

179
00:13:50,339 --> 00:13:54,139
the blue I start take to take the latest
down a little bit you can see that I can

180
00:13:54,139 --> 00:13:58,379
remove even more of that blue and it
creates something a little bit more

181
00:13:58,379 --> 00:14:03,449
separate right now it's a global a
global thing is happening it's taking

182
00:14:03,449 --> 00:14:08,279
all the Blues down so what I want to do
is to create one more layer first so

183
00:14:08,279 --> 00:14:12,180
only focusing on this I don't care about
the ice right now I also wanna create

184
00:14:12,180 --> 00:14:17,740
more contrast to miss a brightness and
contrast and we make this really

185
00:14:17,740 --> 00:14:21,470
contrast in the foreground these dorks
here really this area here and went to

186
00:14:21,470 --> 00:14:26,309
the extremely contraste and darker and
less saturated so now I have to

187
00:14:26,309 --> 00:14:30,779
adjustment layers and what i hadn t for
a sec both of these adjustment layers

188
00:14:30,779 --> 00:14:35,079
I'm gonna take them to a folder and I'm
gonna create a mask all the folders now

189
00:14:35,079 --> 00:14:38,529
instead of just drawing on the mask for
these adjustment layers I can create a

190
00:14:38,529 --> 00:14:43,500
mask for the folder and I can control
both those adjustment layers with same

191
00:14:43,500 --> 00:14:46,879
asks I'm going to go ahead and create a
mask here and I'm not gonna do it

192
00:14:46,879 --> 00:14:51,509
actually goes from alt click and I'm
gonna create a black mask so now what I

193
00:14:51,509 --> 00:14:57,800
can do as I can zoom in a little bit
grab the brush against like they do with

194
00:14:57,800 --> 00:15:02,879
everything here about 20 percent and I'm
just gonna start to paint this in here

195
00:15:02,879 --> 00:15:07,709
so I want to go ahead and paint that
effect of desaturation into this area

196
00:15:07,709 --> 00:15:11,170
you can see as I start to paint it
starts to remove a lot of that

197
00:15:11,170 --> 00:15:14,639
saturation to be really careful around
here I don't want to remove the

198
00:15:14,639 --> 00:15:20,029
saturation in the water only way to
remove the situation in the dirt so i

199
00:15:20,029 --> 00:15:24,040
cant even zoom in a little bit more
around this guy holding the ice pick I

200
00:15:24,040 --> 00:15:30,689
have no idea who that is but he was
conveniently placed for us and I can

201
00:15:30,689 --> 00:15:34,110
just remove that blew so again I'm not
trying to remove it all and you can put

202
00:15:34,110 --> 00:15:38,679
the quick masculine with a backslash key
helps a little bit just in case you

203
00:15:38,679 --> 00:15:42,259
missed spots I'm pretty bad about
missing spots but it also makes it hard

204
00:15:42,259 --> 00:15:45,639
to see exactly what you're painting over
sometimes so it's good to do a

205
00:15:45,639 --> 00:15:49,380
combination of both turning the quick
mask on and off just so we can get some

206
00:15:49,380 --> 00:15:54,670
of that now be very careful as I said we
don't want to remove the blue in the

207
00:15:54,670 --> 00:15:57,860
water that looks really good so make
sure that you don't accidentally brush

208
00:15:57,860 --> 00:16:07,899
in you that we just want to brush in all
of this year just finish it up around

209
00:16:07,899 --> 00:16:11,679
this address and use a smaller brush and
I'm just gonna sort of pull some of this

210
00:16:11,679 --> 00:16:16,569
how I like the blue alone on the edge of
the bank and again this is color it's

211
00:16:16,569 --> 00:16:20,519
not as crucial because we're just
removing some saturation from the

212
00:16:20,519 --> 00:16:24,240
foreground but check the Quick Mask
again you can see that I forgotten this

213
00:16:24,240 --> 00:16:29,120
whole area was focusing on other spots

214
00:16:29,120 --> 00:16:34,730
that actually looks pretty good so far
like it I like it now we're starting to

215
00:16:34,730 --> 00:16:38,950
get sore so we have created some color
separation and certain individual

216
00:16:38,950 --> 00:16:43,320
totality for the cave not a whole lot we
can do this except for give it its own

217
00:16:43,320 --> 00:16:47,080
personality and just separate those
colors the camera picks up a lot of the

218
00:16:47,080 --> 00:16:50,660
color but it also picks up color cast
quite often so this is a way to just

219
00:16:50,660 --> 00:16:54,260
mitigate some of that color cast and
give yourself some thing where total

220
00:16:54,260 --> 00:16:59,310
blue before now we have blue and we have
shades of blue mixed and at this point

221
00:16:59,310 --> 00:17:03,130
with his mask and able to go back into
the brightness and contrast and I can't

222
00:17:03,130 --> 00:17:06,809
even turn the contrast up even more so
it's even a little bit more dark I can

223
00:17:06,809 --> 00:17:10,079
pull the brightness down if I want to a
little bit and by pulling the break this

224
00:17:10,079 --> 00:17:15,390
down I can take the tension away from
this floor and up to the ceiling same

225
00:17:15,390 --> 00:17:18,839
thing with the hue saturation I can
decide by going back to the Blues that I

226
00:17:18,839 --> 00:17:24,199
selected in this case it's science to I
can change the lateness down or bring it

227
00:17:24,199 --> 00:17:26,689
down

228
00:17:26,689 --> 00:17:32,059
darker and the saturation down so I have
a dark foreground so that's step one

229
00:17:32,059 --> 00:17:36,610
the color separation next thing I might
want to do is add some of that into the

230
00:17:36,610 --> 00:17:41,420
ceiling so I'm gonna do the same thing
at the same mask and then pull some of

231
00:17:41,420 --> 00:17:46,070
the saturation out of this area here to
do that with a really light brush the

232
00:17:46,070 --> 00:17:49,410
reason being is I want to leave some of
that blue but what I want to do is

233
00:17:49,410 --> 00:17:53,760
create a little bit more separation so
that this area here is gonna be a

234
00:17:53,760 --> 00:17:58,679
different shape than this than this than
this and then this so basically creating

235
00:17:58,679 --> 00:18:04,620
stripes layers and this is a color
separation or contrast separation again

236
00:18:04,620 --> 00:18:08,309
here with these are should be a little
bit less saturated because it's a dirty

237
00:18:08,309 --> 00:18:15,160
year rockets actually all that dirt and
years and years of ice accumulations so

238
00:18:15,160 --> 00:18:16,760
it's actually pretty cool

239
00:18:16,760 --> 00:18:21,460
so this is making everything darker and
they want to add another human situation

240
00:18:21,460 --> 00:18:28,830
earlier and this time in the blues or
even a saturation is fine but I'm gonna

241
00:18:28,830 --> 00:18:33,060
go right to the Blues to keep this
consistent because I only want to affect

242
00:18:33,060 --> 00:18:37,070
those blues and science or any other
color if there was clearly affected

結果 (中文) 1:

16100:12:38，860--> 00:12:41，570我要去做一点点不同比它做过16200:12:41，570--> 00:12:45，459调整图层和创建两个那只是图层文件夹到16300:12:45，459--> 00:12:47，500显示您我这里只是第二次16400:12:47，500--> 00:12:51，260我想要做的第一件事是图我想出多少蓝从中删除16500:12:51，260--> 00:12:52，410前景16600:12:52，410--> 00:12:57，970创建调整图层来创建那里色相饱和度调整16700:12:57，970--> 00:13:04，000正如我说这大多是所有蓝色这样我真的不需要去改变它远离16800:13:04，000--> 00:13:07，850主设置因为我没有太多的红色和黄色的场景中，但16900:13:07，850--> 00:13:11，000只是为了让我们相一致的事情将要做很久的以后17000:13:11，000--> 00:13:16，500我要去将其发送给蓝军并确保我只能编辑蓝军和所有17100:13:16，500--> 00:13:21，060我做在这里滑动这个小图标在这里基本上这只是声称或17200:13:21 060--> 00:13:24，699选择我想要的区域操作选择蓝色17300:13:24，699--> 00:13:28，069再了图像的大部分是蓝色，但更改时间已晚，你可以看到我17400:13:28，069--> 00:13:33，639可以颜色深或可以打破我也可以改变饱和度的颜色17500:13:33，639--> 00:13:38，009所以我坎迪浸透了整个山洞，和所有的蓝调基本上什么17600:13:38，009--> 00:13:42，300你要注意是这些岩石这些岩石不是蓝他们是不是冰17700:13:42，300--> 00:13:46，329他们应该有一点点的阿布铸态但不是共蓝投这样如果我17800:13:46，329--> 00:13:50，339开始采取饱和总比你可以看到我可以删除一些17900:13:50，339--> 00:13:54，139我开始拿取最新的蓝下一点你可以看到我可以18000:13:54，139--> 00:13:58，379删除的那蓝蓝的甚至更多创建更多的东西有点18100:13:58，379--> 00:14:03，449分开现在它是全球全球的事情发生了它正在18200:14:03，449--> 00:14:08，279所有蓝调下来那又怎样，我想要做是创建一个多图层第一次所以18300:14:08，279--> 00:14:12，180只专注这我不在乎冰现在我也想要创建18400:14:12，180--> 00:14:17，740更多的对比，错过的亮度和对比度和我们让这变得很18500:14:17，740--> 00:14:21，470在前景对比这些狗屁不是在这里真的这一领域在这里去18600:14:21，470--> 00:14:26，309非常的心动和暗和不饱和这样现在我已经到18700:14:26，309--> 00:14:30，779调整图层和什么我没有 tsec 的这些调整图层18800:14:30，779--> 00:14:35，079我要把他们带到一个文件夹我要现在创建蒙版的所有文件夹18900:14:35，079--> 00:14:38，529而不是只图上的面具我可以创建这些调整图层19000:14:38，529--> 00:14:43，500面具的文件夹可以控制这两个这些调整图层具有相同19100:14:43，500--> 00:14:46，879问我要去走一步，创建面具在这里，我不会去做19200:14:46，879--> 00:14:51，509实际从 alt 点击和我要创建一个黑色面具所以现在什么我19300:14:51，509--> 00:14:57，800可以照可以放大的一点点抓住对刷，像他们用来做19400:14:57，800--> 00:15:02，879一切都在这里约 20%，我是才刚刚要开始画这在这里19500:15:02，879--> 00:15:07，709所以我想要往前走，并且画出来进入这一领域的饱和度的影响19600:15:07，709--> 00:15:11，170你可以看到我正打算把它漆成开始删除了很多的19700:15:11，170--> 00:15:14，639饱和度，那么要很小心在这里我不想删除19800:15:14，639--> 00:15:20，029饱和水的唯一方式所以在泥土中删除情况我19900:15:20，029--> 00:15:24，040甚至不能放大多一点点各地举行冰这家伙接我20000:15:24，040--> 00:15:30，689不知道那个人是，但他是为我们方便摆放和我可以20100:15:30，689--> 00:15:34，110再一次吹的只是删除我不试图删除它所有，你可以把20200:15:34，110--> 00:15:38，679带有反斜杠键快速男性帮助一点点以防万一你20300:15:38，679--> 00:15:42，259我是很糟糕的错过了的点失踪的斑点，但它也很难20400:15:42，259--> 00:15:45，639来看看到底是什么你画过有时它很好做20500:15:45，639--> 00:15:49，380两个转动的快速组合面具和关闭，这样我们可以得到一些20600:15:49，380--> 00:15:54，670那现在是非常小心的那样我们不想删除在蓝色20700:15:54，670--> 00:15:57，860看上去真的很好所以让的水确保你不要不小心刷20800:15:57，860--> 00:16:07，899我们只是想刷在所有的你只是今年的把它完成的周围20900:16:07，899--> 00:16:11，679此地址和使用较小的画笔和我只要去有点拉的这一些21000:16:11，679--> 00:16:16，569我多么喜欢蓝色孤独的边缘上银行又一次这是颜色它了21100:16:16，569--> 00:16:20，519不是至关重要的因为我们只是删除从一些饱和21200:16:20，519--> 00:16:24，240前景，但检查快速蒙版再次，您可以看到，我忘了这21300:16:24，240--> 00:16:29，120整个地区被聚焦于其他景点21400:16:29，120--> 00:16:34，730这实际上看起来挺好为止喜欢它我喜欢它现在我们开始对21500:16:34，730--> 00:16:38，950生气，所以我们已经创建了一些颜色分离和某些个人21600:16:38，950--> 00:16:43，320山洞里的全部不多我们可以这样做，除了给它自己21700:16:43，320--> 00:16:47，080人格和刚分开那些相机拿起很多的颜色21800:16:47，080--> 00:16:50，660颜色，但它也拿起偏色所以很多时候这种只是21900:16:50，660--> 00:16:54，260减轻一些那色偏和给自己一些东西，在总22000:16:54，260--> 00:16:59，310现在我们有蓝色和蓝色前色调的蓝色混合，在这一点22100:16:59，310--> 00:17:03，130与他的面具，能够回到亮度和对比度不能22200:17:03，130--> 00:17:06，809甚至有露面的对比更是如此它甚至是有点更暗了，我可以22300:17:06，809--> 00:17:10，079拉下的亮度，如果我想小咬，用拉断这22400:17:10 079--> 00:17:15，390我可以要花远离紧张这地板和天花板了相同22500:17:15，390--> 00:17:18，839我可以色相饱和度的东西决定回到蓝调，我22600:17:18，839--> 00:17:24，199在这种情况下选择它的科学对我可以更改时间已晚或带来它22700:17:24，199--> 00:17:26，689向下22800:17:26，689--> 00:17:32，059黑暗和饱和度下所以我有深色的前景，所以这就是第一步22900:17:32，059--> 00:17:36，610色分离接下来的事情我可能想要做的就是添加一些到23000:17:36，610--> 00:17:41，420天花板，所以我要去做同样的事情同时掩盖，然后拉一些23100:17:41，420--> 00:17:46，070从这到的地区饱和这样做真的很轻刷23200:17:46，070--> 00:17:49，410原因是我想要离开的一些是蓝色，但又想做什么23300:17:49，410--> 00:17:53，760创建多一点点分离这样这一领域在这里要23400:17:53，760--> 00:17:58，679不同形状比这比这个这，然后这所以基本上创建23500:17:58，679--> 00:18:04，620条纹图层，这是一种颜色分居或者再对比23600:18:04，620--> 00:18:08，309在这里与这些都应该是很少不饱和，因为它是一个肮脏的位23700:18:08，309--> 00:18:15，160今年火箭实际上所有的污垢和年和年的所以冰藏23800:18:15，160--> 00:18:16，760它真是太酷23900:18:16，760--> 00:18:21，460所以这使一切黑暗和他们想要添加另一个人类的处境24000:18:21，460--> 00:18:28，830早些时候，这一次在蓝军或即使饱和度很好，但我要去24100:18:28，830--> 00:18:33，060一直走到蓝军保持这一致，因为我只想要影响24200:18:33，060--> 00:18:37，070那些忧郁和科学或任何其他如果那里，显然影响的颜色

結果 (中文) 3:

161
00:12:38860——> 00:12:41570
我要做一些不同的
比它做过

162
00:12:41570——> 00:12:45459
调整层，并创建一个
夫妇的文件夹里面只是层成

163
00:12:45459——> 00:12:47500
的告诉你我在这里只是一个二

164
00:12:47500——> 00:12:51260
第一件我想做的是图
多少蓝我想从

165
00:12:51260——> 00:12:52410
前景

166
00:12:52410——> 00:12:57970
创建调整层创建一个
色相饱和度调整有

167
00:12:57970——> 00:13:04000
我说这主要是蓝色的，我
真的没有改变它远离

168
00:13:04000——> 00:13:07850
主设置，因为我没有
删除太多的红色和黄色的场景，但

169
00:13:07850——> 00:13:11000
只是保持一致，我们
会做很多后来的

170
00:13:11000——> 00:13:16500
我要送给蓝军确保
我只是编辑蓝调和所有

171
00:13:16500——> 00:13:21060
我现在滑这个小
图标这里基本上只是索赔或

172
00:13:21，060——> 00:13:24699
选择地区，我想
操纵它蓝色的选择

173
00:13:24699——> 00:13:28069
了大部分的图像是蓝色的但
改变迟到了你可以看到我

174
00:13:28069——> 00:13:33639
可以深色或我可以打破的
颜色我也可以改变饱和度

175
00:13:33639——> 00:13:38009
所以我看低浸透整个洞穴和
所有的蓝调基本上我想要的

176
00:13:38009——> 00:13:42300
你关注这些岩石
这些岩石不是蓝色不是冰

177
00:13:42300——> 00:13:46329
他们应该有一点点的阿布
铸造而不是总那么如果我
蓝色
178
00:13:46329——> 00:13:50339
开始饱和总比特
你可以看到，我可以删除一些

179
00:13:50，339——> 00:13:54139
蓝色我开始采取的最新
降低一点你可以看到，我可以

180
00:13:54139——> 00:13:58379
删除更是蓝色的，
创造更

181
00:13:58379——> 00:14:03449
分开，现在它是一个全球
全球的事情发生是以

182
00:14:03449——> 00:14:08279
所有的忧郁下去，我想做什么
要创建一个新层，

183
00:14:08279——> 00:14:12180
只关注这我不在乎
冰现在我还想创造

184
00:14:12180——> 00:14:17740
更多的对比亮度和对比度
小姐和我们这真的

185
00:14:17740——> 00:14:21470
对比在前台后来
这里真的这个地方去

186
00:14:21470——> 00:14：26309
极对比暗
不饱和所以现在我要

187
00:14:26309——> 00:14:30779
调整层，我没有为
一秒都调整层

188
00:14:30779——> 00:14:35079
我会带他们到一个文件夹，我
会创造面具现在

189
00:14:35079——> 00:14:38529
而只是借鉴
面膜所有的文件夹这些调整层，我可以创造一个

190
00:14:38529——> 00:14:43500
面膜的文件夹，我可以控制
这些调整层同

191
00:14:43500——> 00:14:46879
问我要去创造一个
面具在这里我不想做

192
00:14:46879——> 00:14:51509
实际上从ALT点击我
会创建一个黑色的面具，所以现在我

193
00:14:51509——> 00：14:57800
可以做我可以放大一点
抢兑刷就像

194
00:14:57800——> 00:15:02879
这里的一切百分之20我
就开始画这在这里

195
00:15:02879——> 00:15:07709
所以我想继续和油漆
影响减到这个区域

196
00:15:07709——> 00:15:11170
你可以看到当我开始画它
开始删除了很多，

197
00:15:11170——> 00:15:14639
饱和度很小心周围的
这里我不想删除

198
00:15:14639——> 00:15:20029
饱和水的唯一途径
删除情况在泥土上所以我

199
00:15:20029——> 00:15:24040
甚至不能放大一点
围绕这家伙抱着冰接我

200
00:15:24040——> 00:15:30689
不知道是谁，但他
随手放在我们能和我

201
00:15:30689——> 00:15:34110
只是删除了所以我不
试图删除它，你可以把

202
00:15:34110——> 00:15:38679
快速男性与一个反斜杠键
帮助点你

203
00:15:38679——> 00:15:42259
错过点我
很糟糕缺点也很难

204
00:15:42259——> 00:15:45639
看到什么你画过
有时这样做

205
00:15:45639很好——> 00:15:49380
组合将快速
面具，这样我们就可以得到一些

206
00:15:49380——> 00:15:54670
，现在必须非常小心，当我说我们
不想删除的

207
00:15:54670蓝色——> 00：15:57860
水看起来真的好让
肯定让你不小心刷

208
00:15:57860——> 00:16:07899
在你，我们只想刷所有
今年刚刚结束了

209
00:16:07899——> 00:16:11679
这个地址，用一个小刷子和
我我只是要稍稍拉一些这样的

210
00:16:11679——> 00:16:16569
我多么喜欢蓝色的单独对
边缘银行，这又是它的颜色

211
00:16:16569——> 00:16:20519
并非是至关重要的因为我们只是
从

212
00:16:20519去除一些饱和度——> 00:16:24240
前景但检查快速蒙版
再次你可以看到，我忘记了这个

213
00:16:24240——> 00:16:29120
整个地区都集中在其他地方

214
00:16:29120——> 00:16:34730
看起来很不错的
喜欢它我喜欢它，现在我们开始

215
00:16:34730——> 00:16:38950
疼所以我们创造了一些颜色
分离和个别

216
00:16:38950——> 00:16:43320
总体洞穴不是很多我们
可以这样做除了给它自己的

217
00:16:43320——> 00:16:47080
人格只是单独的那些
到目前为止颜色拿起相机，很多的

218
00:16:47080——> 00:16:50660
颜色也拿起色
经常如此这是一种只

219
00:16:50660——> 00:16:54260
减轻一些，色彩和
给自己一些东西，总

220
00:16:54260——> 00:16:59310
蓝之前，现在我们有蓝色的，我们
蓝色混合的色调，在这一点上

221
00:16:59310——> 00：17:03130
他的面具，能够回到
亮度和对比度，我不能

222
00:17:03130——> 00:17:06809
甚至对比起来更是如此
甚至一点点的黑暗我可以

223
00:17:06809——> 00:17:10079
拉下来，如果我想要的亮度一个
点拉打破这个

224
00:17:10079——> 00:17:15390
下来我可以拿走紧张从
这地板到天花板一样

225
00:17:15390——> 00:17:18839
东西用色相饱和度可以
决定回到蓝军，我

226
00:17:18839——> 00:17:24199
选在这种情况下，它是科学，我
可以改变迟到了或把它

227
00:17:24199——> 00:17:26689
下来

228
00:17:26689——> 00:17:32059
暗，饱和度降低我
一个黑暗的前景，一步一

229
00:17:32059——> 00:17:36610
分色接下来我可能
想添加一些，到

230
00:17:36610——> 00:17:41420
天花板，我会做同样的事情
同时面膜再拉一些

231
00:17:41420——> 00:17:46070
饱和出这个地区来
做一个真正的光刷

232
00:17:46，070——> 00:17:49410
原因是我想留下一些
蓝色的但我想做的是

233
00:17:49410——> 00:17:53760
创造更多一点的分离，
，这里将是一个

234
00:17:53760——> 00:17:58679
不同形状比这比这这比
在此基本上创建

235
00:17:58679——> 00:18:04620
条纹层，这是一个彩色
分离或分离了
对比
236
00:18:04620——> 00:18:08309
这些都应该是一个小
位不饱和是因为它是一个肮脏的

237
00:18:08309——> 00:18:15160
年火箭实际上所有的污垢
年冰藏年

238
00:18:15160——> 00:18:16760
它真的很酷

239
00:18:16760——> 00:18:21460
所以，这是一切黑暗和
他们想添加另一人的情况

240
00:18:21460——> 00:18:28830
较早，这次在蓝调或
甚至饱和是好的但我要

241
00:18:28830——> 00:18:33060
去蓝军保持一致因为我只有这
想影响

242
00:18:33060——> 00:18:37070
忧伤和科学或其他任何
颜色是否有明显影响