At the other pole a smaller, yet growing, body of OB scholarship focuses on individual behaviors that inhibit the ability of an organization to effectively achieve its mission (Bies et al. 1997; Andersson and Pearson 1999; Spector and Fox 2002, 2005; Fox and Spector 2005). Similar to research examining the performance spectrum, OB scholarship that explores behaviors that inhibit organizational mission attainment is highly varied. The research traditions that emphasize mission-inhibiting behaviors often reference unintentional mission-inhibiting behavior owing to dysfunctional consequences of bureaucracy (Merton 1940; Gouldner 1954; Argyris 1957; Blau 1960) or intentional, aggressive behavior expressly designed to harm the organization or its stakeholders (Andersson and Pearson 1999; Spector and Fox 2005; Neuman and Baron 2005). In both cases, however, certain employee behaviors undermine the ability of an organization to translate work place activity into mission-related goal attainment.