The amount of air infiltration is largely less than the requirement of indoor personnel to fresh air, and indoor pollutants can’t be timely ruled out. The indoor air quality problems are becoming more and more prominent. However, the basic requirement for healthy housing is give a good indoor air quality, and ventilation is considered as the most basic and effective way to reach this aim. Therefore, there is a conflict between the residential energy conservation technology and ventilation. In this case, how to operate the ventilation of the residential building has become a more prominent problem [2]. In this study, air distribution, energy consumption characteristics, and initial investment of different ventilation modes including natural ventilation, natural inlet and mechanical exhaust, wall type ventilator with heat exchange, ventilation unit with heat exchange are analyzed and evaluated to present their advantages and disadvantages. This study can guide to find a ventilation mode that can meet the thermal comfort, air quality and energy saving.