式（9）中的M21 体现在系统产生的水价中，是一个隐性收入，M22 是

式（9）中的M21 体现在系统产生的水价中，是一个隐性收入，M22 是显性收入。3）基建投资建设投资一般没有收益，假设为零。4）海水淡化主机系统系统每年产淡水收益为M41 ，产生其他副产品收益为M42 ，则在使用期内总收益为：式（10）中的M41 和M42 都是显性收入。5）系统的总收益假设总系统最后的残余价值与处理费用相等，即不考虑几年以后系统的价值与处理费用。于是，整体系统在寿命期内的收益为：这里，只计算太阳集热器和电力辅助系统的显性收入。令太阳能集热系统的总面积为A ，其年平均效率为ηs ，当年每m2 的太阳辐射总值为H ，那么太阳能集热系统总聚能为：如果当年直接供用户使用的热能价格为r1，给用户直接供热的比例为β1 。那么太阳能集热系统当年的显性收益为：M12 =ηsHAr1 β1 （13）用同样的分析方法，可得到辅助供电系统直接为用户供电的显性收益为：M22 =ηpHAer2 β2 （14）式中，ηp ——电系统的发电效率；Ae ——太阳电池板的采光面积（假设电辅助系统用太阳电池板），m2；H ——当年的太阳辐射总值；r2 ——电价，¥/kWh；β2 ——供电系统直接为用户供电的比例。如果用风力发电系统作为辅助电力，那么：M22 =Wf r2 β3 （15）式中，Wf ——当年发电总量，kWh；β3 ——风能供电系统直接为用户供电的比例。海水淡化主机系统所产生的副产品收益主要来源浓海水产生的盐或其他化工原料，这些化工原料的价格令为r3 ，副产品的总量为mc ，所以：M42 =mcr3 （16）太阳能海水淡化系统的主要产品就是纯净水，纯净水折合成的淡水价值就是海水淡化系统的主要收益，令当年纯净水的价格为r4 ，如果年产水总量为me ，那么，当年的淡水总收益为：M41 =meα （17）假设淡化系统的平均性能系数为PR =3.0（它等于淡水蒸发所需的热量除以供入系统的热量加电力），那么每年的产水量为：me = ηpHAr(1-β2)hfgPR （18）式中，hfg ——系统平均工作温度下的气化潜热，取为2300 kJ/kg。综合上述分析，即可得到系统在使用期内的总收益，并折合成建设当年的资金量为：式（19）是采用太阳电池板发电的情况，如果利用风力发电系统，则式（19）变为：由式（20）可见，影响太阳能海水淡化经济性的因素包括产水量、淡水价格、年利率、物价上涨率、当地太阳能资源情况和电价等。因此要想一个太阳能海水淡化系统具有良好的经济效益，必须充分考虑多个因素。待系统的环境参数和结构参数决定后，令M=F，则可计算得到系统的最低水价αmin 。

結果 (英文) 1:

In the formula (9) M21 generated by the system embodied in price in a hidden income, M22 dominant income.
3) investment in infrastructure
construction investment generally do not have income, assumed to be zero.
4) desalination system host
system of fresh water per year production revenue for M41, other by-products to generate income for the M42, then the total revenue for the period of use:

M41 (10) in the formula and M42 are dominant revenue.
5) total revenue systems
assumed to be equal to the value of the last vestiges of the total treatment cost system that does not consider the value and cost of processing system after a few years. Thus, the overall system in lifetime earnings as follows:

Here, counting only the dominant revenue collectors and solar power auxiliary systems. The total area of solar collectors to make the system of A, its level of
average efficiency ηs, then the total value per m2 of solar radiation is H, then the solar collector system is always shaped as:

If it was directly available to users of thermal energy price r1, the ratio of heat directly to the user is β1. Dominant solar collection system then returns the year as:
M12 = ηsHAr1 beta1 (13 is)
by the same method of analysis, the dominant system proceeds directly to obtain auxiliary power supply for the user as:
M22 = ηpHAer2 beta] 2 (14)
wherein, power generation efficiency of the electrical system - ηp; Ae - light area of the solar panel (assuming that electric auxiliary system with solar panels), m2; H - the total value of solar radiation that year; r2 - price, ¥ / kWh; β2 - proportion of direct power supply system for the user. If the electric power as an auxiliary wind power generation system, then:
M22 = Wf R2 beta] 3 (15)
Where, Wf - then the total power, kWh; β3 - Wind power system directly proportional to the user's power.
Desalination by-product produced by the host system a major source of income concentrated seawater to produce salt or other chemical raw materials, chemical raw materials to make the price of these is r3, the total amount of by-products as mc, so:
M42 = MCR3 (16)
Solar Desalination System the main product is the primary pure water, pure water is converted into fresh water desalination system value
to earnings, so that then the price of pure water r4, if the annual total amount of water to me, then, freshwater total revenue for the year:
M41 = meα (17)
the average coefficient of performance of the system is assumed desalination PR = 3.0 (which is equal to the heat required for the evaporation of fresh water into the system divided by the heat input plus power), then the annual yield of water:
Me = ηpHAr (beta] 2. 1- )
HFG
PR (18 is)
where, hfg - latent heat of vaporization under average operating temperature of the system, taken as 2300 kJ / kg.
The above analysis can be obtained by total revenue over the life of the system, and then converted into the amount of construction funds are as follows:

Formula (19) is a case of using solar panels generate electricity, if the use of wind power generation system, the formula (19) becomes:

by the formula (20) is visible, factors affecting the economics of solar desalination, including water production, fresh water prices, the annual interest rate, inflation rate,
local solar energy resources and electricity and so on. Therefore, in order solar desalination system with good economic, we must consider a number of factors. After the environment and structural parameters of the system to be determined, so that M = F, the lowest price can be calculated by the system αmin.

結果 (英文) 2:

The M21 in the formula (9) is reflected in the water price generated by the system, is a hidden income, M22 is the explicit income.
3) Infrastructure investment
Construction investment sits generally with no return, assuming zero.
4) Desalination host system
The system produces m41 annually and other by-products yield M42, while the total revenue during the life of the system is:

M41 and M42 in formula (10) are explicit revenues.
5) Total benefits of the system
Assuming that the final residual value of the total system is equal to the processing cost, i.e. the value and processing costs of the system are not taken into account after a few years. Thus, the benefits of the overall system over their lifetime are:

Here, only the apparent revenue from solar collectors and power auxiliary systems is calculated. The total area of the solar heat collection system is A, and its annual average
The average efficiency is s, the total solar radiation per m2 in that year is H, then the total concentration of solar heat collection system is:

If the thermal energy price directly available to the user in that year is r1, the ratio of direct heating to the user is beta 1. Then the apparent benefits of solar heating systems for the year are:
M12 sHAr1 beta1 (13)
With the same analysis method, the apparent benefits of direct power supply to the user by the auxiliary power supply system are:
M22 s pHAer2 beta2 (14)
in the form of the power generation efficiency of the electricity system, the light area of the Ae-solar panel (assuming the solar panel for the electrical auxiliary system), m2; H - the total amount of solar radiation for the year; r2 - electricity price, s/kWh; beta2 -- the proportion of direct power supply to the user. If wind power systems are used as auxiliary power, then:
M22 s Wf r2 beta 3 (15)
Wf -- the total amount of electricity generated in the year, kWh; beta 3 - the percentage of direct power supply to users by wind power systems.
The main source of by-product segains from desalination host systems is salt saline or other chemical raw materials produced by concentrated seawater, which are priced at r3 and the total amount of by-products is mc, so:
M42 s mcr3 (16)
The main product of solar desalination system is pure water, and the freshwater value of pure water is the main product of the desalination system.
To gain, so that the price of pure water in the year is r4, if the total annual water production is me, then, the total freshwater revenue for the year is:
M41 s me alpha (17)
Assuming that the average performance factor of the desalination system is PR 3.0 (which is equal to the heat required for fresh water evaporation divided into the heat added to the system plus electricity), the annual water production is:
me - spHAr (1-beta2)
hfg
PR (18)
hfg - the gasification latent heat at the average operating temperature of the system, taken at 2300 kJ/kg.
Combined with the above analysis, we can get the total income of the system during its in-use period, and the amount of capital in the year of construction is:

The type (19) is the case of solar panels generating electricity, and if a wind power system is used, the formula (19) becomes:

As can be seen by the formula (20), the factors affecting the economy of solar desalination include water production, freshwater prices, annual interest rates, price increases,
Local solar energy resources and electricity prices, etc. Therefore, in order to have good economic benefits in order to have a solar desalination system, we must take into account many factors. After the environmental parameters and structural parameters of the system are determined, the minimum water price alpha min of the system can be calculated by making M-F.

結果 (英文) 3:

M21 in equation (9) is embodied in the water price generated by the system, which is a recessive income, and M22 is a dominant income.
3) capital construction investment
Generally, there is no return on construction investment, assuming zero.
4) desalination host system
If the annual yield of fresh water is M41 and the yield of other by-products is M42, the total yield within the service life is:
Both M41 and M42 in equation (10) are explicit income.
5) total revenue of the system
It is assumed that the final residual value of the total system is equal to the treatment cost, that is, the value of the system and the treatment cost are not considered after several years. Therefore, the income of the whole system in the life cycle is:
Here, only the dominant revenue of solar collectors and power auxiliary systems is calculated. Make the total area of solar energy collection system a, its annual average
The average efficiency is η s, and the total solar radiation per m2 in that year is h, then the total energy accumulation of the solar energy collection system is:
If the price of thermal energy directly used by users in the current year is R1, the proportion of direct heating to users is β 1. Then the dominant benefits of solar energy collection system in the current year are:
M12 =ηsHAr1 β1 （13）
With the same analysis method, the explicit benefits of the auxiliary power supply system directly supplying power to users can be obtained as follows:
M22 =ηpHAer2 β2 （14）
Where, η p - generation efficiency of electric system; AE - daylighting area of solar panel (assuming solar panel is used for electric auxiliary system), m2; H - total solar radiation of the year; R2 - electricity price, ¥ / kwh; β 2 - proportion of power supply system directly supplying power to users. If the wind power system is used as auxiliary power, then:
M22 =Wf r2 β3 （15）
In the formula, WF is the total amount of power generation in the current year, kwh; β 3 is the proportion of direct power supply for users by wind power supply system.
The by-product income generated by the desalination host system mainly comes from the salt or other chemical raw materials generated by the concentrated seawater. The price of these chemical raw materials is R3, and the total amount of by-products is MC. Therefore:
M42 =mcr3 （16）
The main product of solar desalination system is pure water. The value of fresh water converted from pure water is the main product of desalination system
To obtain income, the price of purified water in the current year is R4. If the total annual water output is me, the total income of fresh water in the current year is:
M41 =meα （17）
Assuming that the average performance coefficient of the desalination system is PR = 3.0 (it is equal to the heat required for fresh water evaporation divided by the heat supplied to the system plus electricity), the annual water production is:
me = ηpHAr(1-β2)
HFG
PR (18)
In the formula, HFG is the latent heat of gasification under the average operating temperature of the system, taken as 2300 kJ / kg.
Based on the above analysis, the total income of the system in the service life can be obtained and converted into the amount of funds in the current year of Construction:
Equation (19) is the case of solar panel power generation. If the wind power generation system is used, then equation (19) becomes:
It can be seen from equation (20) that the factors affecting the economy of solar desalination include water production, fresh water price, annual interest rate, price rise rate
Local solar energy resources and electricity price, etc. Therefore, if a solar desalination system is to have good economic benefits, we must fully consider many factors. When the environmental and structural parameters of the system are determined and M = f, the lowest water price α min of the system can be calculated.