Isaiah 34 describes the old order. It begins with an announcement of Yahweh’s impending judgement on the nations. The theme of divine wrath against the nations is one of the enigmatic sides of the apocalyptic message that has evoked much theological debate. The issue is particularly veed by the juxtaposition of magnanimous expressions of divine favor toe the nations, found in other parts of isaiah, such as chapters 19, 42, and 49. How can we explain he sentiments found in chapter 34, sucha as:.........