In order to reduce the significance of the PA bias in pre-employment selection decision making numerous steps can be taken. A relatively simple approach is alerting the professionals making these hiring decisions that this bias may occur. Additionally, steps can be taken to train hiring managers to avoid this bias all together, or at least lessen its influence. Structuring the format of interviews can also aid in reducing the influence of PA in the interview process (Jabbour, 2009). Interviews can be structured to focus on specific job-relevant information such as prior work experience, relevant skills, and other qualifications. Employers can also use different methods of candidate evaluation where applicant PA is unknown to them, and thus cannot influence ratings of hirability. For example, work-sample tests have been shown as a highly valid method of personnel selection, and do not require knowledge of an applicant’s PA (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, & Wright, 2006). Additionally, hiring managers can utilize reference checks, cognitive ability tests, biographical information, and personality inventories, as none of these require knowledge of an applicant’s PA and cannot be influenced by it (Noe et al., 2006).