Treatment verification. The researcher kept detailed records of all lessons taught during each semester, including specific tasks within lessons. Additionally, four lessons were videotaped each semester and analyzed using the Basic Academic Learning Time - Physical Education (B-ALT-PE) instrument, with attention to how much time was spent in activity and instruction on those days. This treatment verification confirmed that the nature of the course was consistent with educational gymnastics and that students had con- sistent opportunities within the class to develop skill.