a. Solar energy is absorbed, by chlorophylls and other pigments in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts, to generate NADPH and ATP in the light reactions.b. The Calvin cycle uses ATP and NADPH from the light reactions to generate sugar from carbon dioxide.c. As the electrons of the reactions-center chlorophyll are excited and trapped by the primary electron acceptors, the first photosystem then replaced them by extracting new ones from water molecules.d. Energy released from the electrons transport chain between two photosystems is used to pump hydrogen ions into the thylakoid space.e. Photosynthesis can be divided into the light reactions and the Calvin cycle.