Our results suggest that FX-related prudential measures as well as capital controls are associated with a lower proportion of FX loans in domestic bank lending. Second, other prudential regulations (i.e., measures that do not discriminate either on the basis of currency denomination or the residency of the parties to the transaction) are associated with smaller aggregate credit booms. Third, capital controls and FX-related prudential measures are associated with a shift away from portfolio debt flows toward portfolio equity and FDI flows within the country's overall external liability structure. The estimated effects presented below, moreover, are not only statistically significant, but also economically relevant. For instance, moving from the 25th to the 75th percentile of capital controls restrictiveness or FX-related prudential measures lowers the share of portfolio debt in external liabilities by about 7 percentage points (against a sample average of about 46%) and the share of FX credit in the domestic banking sector by 20–28 percentage points (against a sample average of 38%). Consistent with these results,we also find reasonably strong associations between pre-crisis policies and the extent of economic resilience during the period of sudden stop—suggesting that capital controls and prudential measures can indeed reduce financial fragilities.